Naringenin

Naringenin is a citrus-derived flavonoid used as an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory active, typically at low concentrations (often well under 1%) in leave-on products. While generally well-tolerated, plant polyphenols can still trigger stinging or irritant reactions in compromised barriers and have a non-zero risk of delayed sensitivity in highly reactive eczema patients, especially given botanical-source variability. Scoring it as mild reflects cautious clinical practice: low expected irritation in most users but meaningful risk in the most sensitive populations. Safety Notes: In commercial skincare, naringenin is most often used as a minor flavonoid antioxidant/soothing component either as a trace constituent of citrus/botanical extracts or as a labeled active at very low levels, commonly around 0.0001–0.05% in leave-on creams/serums. Dedicated “pure flavonoid”/brightening or antioxidant booster products and some high-strength, consumer-available specialty serums (often solubilized or encapsulated due to low water solubility) have been observed up to about 1–2% in leave-on formats; rinse-off products are typically lower because of short contact time.