Dodecane

Dodecane is an inert, nonpolar hydrocarbon used as a volatile emollient/solvent in low-to-moderate amounts in cosmetics and is generally non-sensitizing with very low rates of irritation in patch testing compared with fragrance components or reactive solvents. In highly compromised barriers (e.g., active eczema or post-procedure skin), any solvent-like, volatile hydrocarbon can occasionally sting or contribute to dryness, so it is not scored as completely irritation-free. Safety Notes: Dodecane is used in small amounts (typically ~0.1–2%) as a volatile hydrocarbon solvent/texture modifier and spreading agent in emulsions (e.g., sunscreens, lotions, lightweight serums) and can appear even lower as part of a pre-blended carrier. At the high end, it is a primary continuous phase in anhydrous/oil-based consumer products—especially long-wear/transfer-resistant makeup, makeup primers, and some sunscreen oils—where C10–C13 isoparaffin-type hydrocarbons (including n-dodecane) can make up most of the formula, commonly 30–70% and observed up to ~85% in extreme anhydrous systems. No specific EU/FDA concentration limit applies beyond general cosmetic safety requirements; usage is driven by sensory, volatility, solvency, and flammability/VOC considerations, and high levels are predominantly leave-on anhydrous products rather than rinse-off.